SPM (Solar photovoltaic microgrid) systems, among others, are identified as a promising option for electrifying the off-grid parts of the world, especially those areas with huge solar energy resources. Therefore, this study proposes an SPM system for a small isolated community in Guzau, Zamfara State of Nigeria.
We model 55–82.5 kW PV microgrids for a 63,875 kWh demand with 2% annual load growth. The yield and losses of the microgrids are 4.56 h/d and 1.37 h/d, respectively. We obtain annual availability of 96.86–98.74% for the microgrids. The global warming potential values of 5178–7765 kgCO 2 -eq were obtained.
The combination and capacity of PV and wind power generation increase rapidly in the integration of microgrids; however, the sustainability of continuous power is very difficult due to the intermittent characteristics of irradiation and wind speed.
The value of EaGEN for a single solar photovoltaic module is 893 MJ. With ηg of 30%, the EPBT of the photovoltaic microgrid system is ∼1.46 years, as shown in Table 6. The result indicates that it will take the system less than 18 months to pay back the energy used to manufacture it. Table 6. Energy payback time and energy return on investment.
It is generally believed that the solar photovoltaic microgrid produces very low carbon emissions compared to the conventional diesel power system; it also emits very low or no GHGs during its operational life. However, its life cycle is associated with direct and indirect emissions.
Table 3 outlines the atmospheric emissions of the proposed microgrid system, presenting values for CO 2, CO, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and NO 2. Notably, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons register almost zero levels in the microgrid system proposed for Putrajaya City.
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