All lithium-ion batteries use flammable materials, and incidents such as the one in the Bronx are likely the result of thermal runaway, a chain reaction which can lead to a fire or catastrophic explosion, according to Khoo.
Abstract: Lithium batteries have been rapidly popularized in energy storage for their high energy density and high output power. However, due to the thermal instability of lithium batteries, the probability of fire and explosion under extreme conditions is high.
In many cases, the precise cause of a fire is never established, but lithium-ion batteries are likely responsible for an even bigger proportion of fires. Paul Christensen, professor of pure and applied electrochemistry at the University of Newcastle, has deliberately damaged lithium-ion batteries in experiments to make them explode.
In severe cases, it can cause the battery to rupture and explode. Bending a lithium battery or subjecting it to a strong impact can cause internal deformation. This deformation can lead to mechanical failure of the battery’s components and create conditions ripe for thermal runaway, where the battery heats uncontrollably.
Overcharging and overdischarging are critical factors that can lead to lithium battery failures. Lithium batteries are designed to operate within specific voltage ranges. Exceeding these limits can lead to significant safety issues. When a lithium battery is overcharged, it can result in excessive heat generation and electrolyte breakdown.
Due to the self-sustaining process of thermal runaway, Lithium-ion battery fires are also difficult to quell. Bigger batteries such as those used in electric vehicles may reignite hours or even days after the event, even after being cooled. Source: Firechief® Global
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