The power sector needs to ensure a rapid transition towards a low-carbon energy system to avoid the dangerous consequences of greenhouse gas emissions. Storage technologies are a promising option to provide the power system with the flexibility required when intermittent renewables are present in the electricity generation mix.
Future energy systems require more storage facilities to balance the higher share of intermittent renewables in the upcoming power generation mix (Benato and Stoppato, 2018), especially as the demand for electric power could push capacity to 7200 GW by 2040 (International Energy Agency, 2014).
Storage plays a crucial role in energy systems by providing both upward and downward flexibility. It can store energy either when there is generation surplus or lower demand and discharge in the opposite case. Depending on the time scale (miliseconds up to months), there are different roles that storage can play in energy systems.
In the presence of storage (scenario Ref.1), small variations occur in the generation mix. N A T E M replaces the decommissioned storage facilities ensuring a constant capacity over time. As constant storage capacity is available, the model shows one percent increase in cumulative electricity generation from natural gas.
For power systems with up to 95% renewable energy, the electricity storage size is below 1.5% of the annual energy demand (in energy terms). For 100% renewable energy systems (power, heat, mobility), it can remain below 6% of the annual energy demand.
Storage technologies are a promising option to provide the power system with the flexibility required when intermittent renewables are present in the electricity generation mix. This paper focuses on the role of electricity storage in energy systems with high shares of renewable sources.
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